Increase in mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress, and glycolysis in murine lymphomas.

Lymphomas adapt to their environment by undergoing a complex series of biochemical changes that are currently not well understood. To better define these changes, we examined the gene expression and gene ontology profiles of thymic lymphomas from a commonly used model of carcinogenesis, the p53(-/-) mouse. These tumors show a highly significant upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial protein translation, mtDNA copy number, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant defenses, proton transport, ATP synthesis, hypoxia response, and glycolysis, indicating a fundamental change in the bioenergetic profile of the transformed T cell. Our results suggest that T cell tumorigenesis involves a simultaneous upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial respiration, and glycolytic activity. These processes would allow cells to adapt to the stressful tumor environment by facilitating energy production and thereby promote tumor growth. Understanding these adaptations is likely to result in improved therapeutic strategies for this tumor type.