Adam Reppert1, Bruce F Steiner, K Chapman-Novakofski. 1. Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 S. Dorner Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, USA. reppert@illinoisalumni.org
Abstract
PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Illinois and associated risk factors to document emerging problems as a basis for preventive and/or therapeutic interventions. DESIGN: The 2005 Illinois Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data were analyzed for prevalence rates and relative risk (RR) of risk factors for MS. SETTING: Illinois. SUBJECTS: Representative sample of 5077 noninstitutionalized Illinoisans aged > or = 18. MEASURES: Presence of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, angina, and obesity; adequate fruit/vegetable intake; adequate daily physical activity; routine consumption of calcium-rich foods; smoking; and demographic variables. ANALYSIS: Prevalence, chi-square, RR, and analyses of variance. RESULTS: MS prevalence was 16.2%. The RR for MS was 8 for those having diabetes; 20 for those with hypertension; 14 for those with hypercholesterolemia; 6 for those with angina; and 7 for those with obesity. Fruit/vegetable intake did not significantly influence the RR (RR = 1.01), but RR was greater when calcium-rich foods were not routinely consumed (RR = 1.61) and with inadequate physical activity (RR = 1.85). MS prevalence was highest in those over 65 years; with incomes < $15,000; and among Blacks. Differences among those with one through five indicators of MS were not significant for fruit/vegetable intake, but were for physical activity, age group, income, and education level (p < .001). CONCLUSION: These findings reveal that MS prevention should be emphasized for lower-income, older Blacks. Increasing physical activity and calcium-rich foods are areas for community-based education.
PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Illinois and associated risk factors to document emerging problems as a basis for preventive and/or therapeutic interventions. DESIGN: The 2005 Illinois Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data were analyzed for prevalence rates and relative risk (RR) of risk factors for MS. SETTING: Illinois. SUBJECTS: Representative sample of 5077 noninstitutionalized Illinoisans aged > or = 18. MEASURES: Presence of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, angina, and obesity; adequate fruit/vegetable intake; adequate daily physical activity; routine consumption of calcium-rich foods; smoking; and demographic variables. ANALYSIS: Prevalence, chi-square, RR, and analyses of variance. RESULTS: MS prevalence was 16.2%. The RR for MS was 8 for those having diabetes; 20 for those with hypertension; 14 for those with hypercholesterolemia; 6 for those with angina; and 7 for those with obesity. Fruit/vegetable intake did not significantly influence the RR (RR = 1.01), but RR was greater when calcium-rich foods were not routinely consumed (RR = 1.61) and with inadequate physical activity (RR = 1.85). MS prevalence was highest in those over 65 years; with incomes < $15,000; and among Blacks. Differences among those with one through five indicators of MS were not significant for fruit/vegetable intake, but were for physical activity, age group, income, and education level (p < .001). CONCLUSION: These findings reveal that MS prevention should be emphasized for lower-income, older Blacks. Increasing physical activity and calcium-rich foods are areas for community-based education.
Authors: Emma L Houston; Julien S Baker; Duncan S Buchan; Gareth Stratton; Stuart J Fairclough; Lawrence Foweather; Rebecca Gobbi; Lee E F Graves; Nicola Hopkins; Lynne M Boddy Journal: Eur J Pediatr Date: 2013-02-26 Impact factor: 3.183