Perspective: Translational studies on glutamate and dopamine neurocircuitry in addictions: implications for addiction treatment.

New research suggests that the modulation of dopamine neurocircuitry by glutamate plays a key role in the development of nicotine and other addictions. For example, manipulation of glutamatergic pathways can alter the mood-enhancing and reinforcing properties of nicotine. These glutamatergic pathways are also sensitive to manipulation by other drugs of abuse. The studies described in this special issue of Neuropsychopharmacology bring together rodent studies with translational work in humans to enhance our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying the subjective and objective effects of drugs of abuse. These studies suggest new therapeutic targets based on central glutamate systems that may lead to the development of novel and more effective treatments for addictive disorders.