OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of oral supplementation of resistant starch (RS) on tumour cell and colonic mucosal cell kinetics and on gene expression in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and its potential role in colon cancer prevention. METHODS: 65 patients with CRC were randomised to treatment with RS or ordinary starch (OS) and were given starch treatment for up to 4 weeks. Pretreatment and post-treatment biopsies were obtained from the tumour and colonic mucosa, and the effects of the starch treatment on cell proliferation and expression of the cell cycle regulatory genes CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4) and GADD45A (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible, alpha) were investigated. RESULTS: The proportion of mitotic cells in the top half of the colonic crypt was significantly lower following RS treatment (3.1 (1.5), mean (SEM)) as compared with OS treatment (13.7 (3.2)) (p = 0.028). However, there was no effect of RS treatment on crypt dimensions and tumour cell proliferation index. There was significant upregulation in expression of CDK4 (p<0.01) and downregulation in expression of GADD45A (p<0.001) in the tumour tissue when compared with macroscopically normal mucosa. Following RS treatment, CDK4 expression in tumours (0.88 (0.15)) was twofold higher than that in the OS group (0.37 (0.16)) (p = 0.02). The expression of GADD45A, which was downregulated in the presence of cancer, was significantly upregulated (p = 0.048) following RS treatment (1.41 (0.26)) as compared with OS treatment (0.56 (0.3)). However, there were no significant differences in the expression of these genes in the normal mucosa following starch treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Cell proliferation in the upper part of colonic crypts is a premalignant marker and its reduction by RS supplementation is consistent with an antineoplastic action of this food component. Differential expression of the key cell cycle regulatory genes may contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying these antineoplastic effects of RS.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of oral supplementation of resistant starch (RS) on tumour cell and colonic mucosal cell kinetics and on gene expression in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and its potential role in colon cancer prevention. METHODS: 65 patients with CRC were randomised to treatment with RS or ordinary starch (OS) and were given starch treatment for up to 4 weeks. Pretreatment and post-treatment biopsies were obtained from the tumour and colonic mucosa, and the effects of the starch treatment on cell proliferation and expression of the cell cycle regulatory genes CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4) and GADD45A (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible, alpha) were investigated. RESULTS: The proportion of mitotic cells in the top half of the colonic crypt was significantly lower following RS treatment (3.1 (1.5), mean (SEM)) as compared with OS treatment (13.7 (3.2)) (p = 0.028). However, there was no effect of RS treatment on crypt dimensions and tumour cell proliferation index. There was significant upregulation in expression of CDK4 (p<0.01) and downregulation in expression of GADD45A (p<0.001) in the tumour tissue when compared with macroscopically normal mucosa. Following RS treatment, CDK4 expression in tumours (0.88 (0.15)) was twofold higher than that in the OS group (0.37 (0.16)) (p = 0.02). The expression of GADD45A, which was downregulated in the presence of cancer, was significantly upregulated (p = 0.048) following RS treatment (1.41 (0.26)) as compared with OS treatment (0.56 (0.3)). However, there were no significant differences in the expression of these genes in the normal mucosa following starch treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Cell proliferation in the upper part of colonic crypts is a premalignant marker and its reduction by RS supplementation is consistent with an antineoplastic action of this food component. Differential expression of the key cell cycle regulatory genes may contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying these antineoplastic effects of RS.
Authors: John C Mathers; Faye Elliott; Finlay Macrae; Jukka-Pekka Mecklin; Gabriela Möslein; Fiona E McRonald; Lucio Bertario; D Gareth Evans; Anne-Marie Gerdes; Judy W C Ho; Annika Lindblom; Patrick J Morrison; Jem Rashbass; Raj S Ramesar; Toni T Seppälä; Huw J W Thomas; Harsh J Sheth; Kirsi Pylvänäinen; Lynn Reed; Gillian M Borthwick; D Timothy Bishop; John Burn Journal: Cancer Prev Res (Phila) Date: 2022-09-01
Authors: Concetta Panebianco; Kaarel Adamberg; Signe Adamberg; Chiara Saracino; Madis Jaagura; Kaia Kolk; Anna Grazia Di Chio; Paolo Graziano; Raivo Vilu; Valerio Pazienza Journal: Nutrients Date: 2017-03-27 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Fiona C Malcomson; Naomi D Willis; Iain McCallum; Long Xie; Bart Lagerwaard; Seamus Kelly; D Michael Bradburn; Nigel J Belshaw; Ian T Johnson; John C Mathers Journal: Mol Carcinog Date: 2017-05-09 Impact factor: 4.784
Authors: Fiona C Malcomson; Naomi D Willis; Iain McCallum; Long Xie; Idoia Ibero-Baraibar; Wing C Leung; Seamus Kelly; D Michael Bradburn; Nigel J Belshaw; Ian T Johnson; John C Mathers Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2017-01-11 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Fiona C Malcomson; Naomi D Willis; Iain McCallum; Long Xie; Arthur C Ouwehand; Julian D Stowell; Seamus Kelly; D Michael Bradburn; Nigel J Belshaw; Ian T Johnson; John C Mathers Journal: Br J Nutr Date: 2020-04-13 Impact factor: 3.718
Authors: Fiona C Malcomson; Naomi D Willis; Iain McCallum; Long Xie; Seamus Kelly; David Michael Bradburn; Nigel J Belshaw; Ian T Johnson; John C Mathers Journal: Br J Nutr Date: 2018-09-26 Impact factor: 3.718
Authors: Fiona C Malcomson; Naomi D Willis; Iain McCallum; Long Xie; Nitin Shivappa; Michael D Wirth; James R Hébert; Betul Kocaadam-Bozkurt; Aycil Özturan-Sirin; Seamus B Kelly; D Michael Bradburn; Nigel J Belshaw; Ian T Johnson; John C Mathers Journal: Cancer Prev Res (Phila) Date: 2020-10-28