Non-HLA genetics and predicting outcome in HSCT.

Over the last 10 years, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the role of non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes in predicting outcome in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). These studies have included investigations into 'single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)' or microsatellites of cytokines, cytokine receptor genes, or genes associating with innate immunity. These polymorphisms give rise to functional differences in the production of e.g. cytokines, or altered function of genes which are reflected in potential up- or down- regulating of the 'cytokine storm' of GvHD. This review summarises some of the studies and relates the results to their potential for improving HSCT outcome by predicting transplant-related mortality and GvHD.