Mycobacterium-avium-intracellulare complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV/AIDS presenting as osteomyelitis.

We report a case of osteomyelitis due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) in an AIDS patient shortly after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy with subsequent immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). He improved after surgical debridement and treatment with clarithromycin, ethambutol, rifabutin, and low-dose corticosteroids. Antiretroviral therapy was not interrupted. MAC should be suspected in IRIS-related complications such as osteomyelitis.