Dysferlinopathies.

Dysferlinopathies encompass a large variety of neuromuscular diseases characterized by the absence of dysferlin in skeletal muscle and an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. So far, three main phenotypes have been reported: Miyoshi myopathy (MM), limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD 2B), and distal myopathy with anterior tibial onset (DMAT). A growing number of clinical variants have recently been described with a much wider range of symptoms and onset. Although rare, dysferlinopathies can account for up to 30% of progressive recessive muscular dystrophies in certain geographical areas, notably in the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. Dysferlin is a large protein involved in membrane repair and vesicle trafficking and interacts probably with important immunological pathways. New insights in its pathophysiology may result in innovative therapies in the near future.