Piezoelectric quartz crystal biosensors.

Biosensing methods utilize the intrinsic selectivity of a biorecognition process to create relatively simple, low cost, analytical alternatives for a variety of research investigations. Here, biosensor applications of the piezoelectric quartz crystal (PQC) are reviewed. The discussion is divided into sections focusing on the development of PQC based analytical techniques, applications in solution phase sensing pertaining to PQC biosensors, and the current state of knowledge in PQC biosensing applications. Immobilization procedures, dip and dry assay techniques, and solution phase sensing methods are considered in detail.