Studies on fluorescein-VII The fluorescence of fluorescein as a function of pH.

The relative fluorescence of fluorescein over the pH range 3-12 has been measured at 516 nm, with excitation at 489 nm. The relative fluorescence is essentially zero at pH 3, increases slowly between pH 4 and 5, rises rapidly between pH 6 and 7, reaches a maximum at pH 8, and remains constant at above pH 8. The curve of relative fluorescence as a function of pH lies somewhat above the corresponding curve describing the fraction of fluorescein present as the doubly charged anion, Fl(2-), indicating much weaker fluorescence of the singly charged anion, HFl(-), and very much weaker fluorescence by the neutral species, H(2)Fl. The fluorescence data have been used to calculate a value for the third dissociation constant. Because of the complexity of the system, one unknown dissociation constant and three (relative) fluorescence constants, a series of three variable regressions on the data was made. The final values were K(HFl) = 4.36 x 10(-7) (mu = 0.10) for the third dissociation constant and K(H(2)Fl) = 0.8; kappa(HFl) = 5.7; kappa(Fl) = 100.0 for the relative fluorescence constants.