Minimization of accuracy risks in voltammetric ultratrace determination of heavy metals in natural waters.

This paper describes precautions aimed at reducing the magnitude of blanks during sampling, sample pretreatment and voltammetric determination of tracemetals, including cadmium, lead, copper, mercury, nickel and cobalt. The general approach of working in controlled clean areas and performing all manipulations outside them within closed systems is described. The voltammetric determination has been adapted to clean-bench working.