Application of esca to semi-quantitative surface and state analysis of iron oxides.

In order to study oxidation states in the surface analysis of solids, a semi-quantitative ESCA (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy-XPS and X-ray-excited Auger-electron spectroscopy-XAES) method was proposed. Taking iron-oxygen compounds as examples, the summation or subtraction technique was utilized in the analysis of ESCA spectra to identify the co-ordination type and crystal structure. The "XAES intensity factors" for the lines Cr L(3)M(2,3)M(4,5), Ti L(3)M(2,3)M(4,5) and from Fe L(3)M(4,5)M(4,5) to Zn L(3)M(4,5)M(4,5) were estimated and their occurrence discussed.