[Semen analysis: spermiogram according to WHO criteria].

Semen analysis plays a key role in diagnostics of male infertility. Semen analysis should be done according to WHO guidelines (1999), which are currently under revision. Standard procedures of semen analysis include evaluation of sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and vitality as well as determination of round cells, leukocytes, and sperm antibodies. Analysis of biochemical markers is optional. Several methods of sperm preparation are available for assisted reproduction procedures. Patients should be asked to remain abstinent for at least 48 h and a maximum of 7 days prior to ejaculation.Special focus has to be on quality control programs in andrological laboratories based on WHO guidelines. Only by means of standardized semen analysis the andrologist is capable of counseling infertile couples and diagnosing andrological deficits to finally determine therapeutic strategies including techniques of assisted reproduction.