BACKGROUND: Previous work has demonstrated that piperonyl butoxide (PBO) not only inhibits microsomal oxidases but also resistance-associated esterases. The ability to inhibit both major metabolic resistance enzymes makes it an ideal synergist to enhance xenobiotics but negates the ability to differentiate which enzyme group is responsible for conferring resistance. RESULTS: This study examines an analogue that retains the ability to inhibit esterases but is restricted in its ability to act on microsomal oxidases, thus allowing an informed decision on resistance enzymes to be made when used in conjunction with the parent molecule. CONCLUSION: Using examples of resistant insects with well-characterised resistance mechanisms, a combination of PBO and analogue allows identification of the metabolic mechanism responsible for conferring resistance. The relative potency of PBO as both an esterase inhibitor and an oxidase inhibitor is also discussed.
BACKGROUND: Previous work has demonstrated that piperonyl butoxide (PBO) not only inhibits microsomal oxidases but also resistance-associated esterases. The ability to inhibit both major metabolic resistance enzymes makes it an ideal synergist to enhance xenobiotics but negates the ability to differentiate which enzyme group is responsible for conferring resistance. RESULTS: This study examines an analogue that retains the ability to inhibit esterases but is restricted in its ability to act on microsomal oxidases, thus allowing an informed decision on resistance enzymes to be made when used in conjunction with the parent molecule. CONCLUSION: Using examples of resistant insects with well-characterised resistance mechanisms, a combination of PBO and analogue allows identification of the metabolic mechanism responsible for conferring resistance. The relative potency of PBO as both an esterase inhibitor and an oxidase inhibitor is also discussed.
Authors: Muhammad Shahid Arain; Muhammad Shakeel; Mohammed Esmail Abdalla Elzaki; Muhammad Farooq; Muhammad Hafeez; Muhammad Rafiq Shahid; Syed Ali Haider Shah; Fawad Zafar Ahmad Khan; Qaiser Shakeel; Abdalla Markaz Abdalla Salim; Guo-Qing Li Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2018-01-29 Impact factor: 4.223
Authors: Samuel K Dadzie; Joseph Chabi; Andy Asafu-Adjaye; Otubea Owusu-Akrofi; Aba Baffoe-Wilmot; Keziah Malm; Constance Bart-Plange; Sylvester Coleman; Maxwell A Appawu; Daniel A Boakye Journal: Malar J Date: 2017-08-17 Impact factor: 2.979
Authors: Aristide S Hien; Dieudonné D Soma; Samina Maiga; Dramane Coulibaly; Abdoulaye Diabaté; Allison Belemvire; Mame B Diouf; Djenam Jacob; Adama Koné; Ellen Dotson; Taiwo S Awolola; Richard M Oxborough; Roch K Dabiré Journal: Malar J Date: 2021-10-18 Impact factor: 2.979