Ingeborg A Brouwer1. 1. Department of Nutrition and Health, Institute of Health Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ingeborg.brouwer@falw.vu.nl
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate quantitatively the associations between intake or status of omega-3 polyunsaturated (omega-3 PUFA) fatty acids and occurrence of prostate cancer in observational studies in humans. METHODS: We combined risk estimates across studies using random-effects models. RESULTS: The combined estimate showed an increased risk of prostate cancer in men with a high intake or blood level of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (combined relative risk (RR) 1.36; 95% CI 1.08-1.70). The association is stronger in the case-control studies (RR 1.84; 95% CI 1.04-3.25) than in the prospective studies (RR 1.10; 0.91-1.32). Ecosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were not significantly associated with prostate cancer. DISCUSSION: The association between high intake of ALA and prostate cancer is of concern and needs further study. However, the fact that the prospective studies do not show a clear association makes a true effect of intake of ALA on prostate cancer less likely.
INTRODUCTION: The objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate quantitatively the associations between intake or status of omega-3 polyunsaturated (omega-3 PUFA) fatty acids and occurrence of prostate cancer in observational studies in humans. METHODS: We combined risk estimates across studies using random-effects models. RESULTS: The combined estimate showed an increased risk of prostate cancer in men with a high intake or blood level of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (combined relative risk (RR) 1.36; 95% CI 1.08-1.70). The association is stronger in the case-control studies (RR 1.84; 95% CI 1.04-3.25) than in the prospective studies (RR 1.10; 0.91-1.32). Ecosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were not significantly associated with prostate cancer. DISCUSSION: The association between high intake of ALA and prostate cancer is of concern and needs further study. However, the fact that the prospective studies do not show a clear association makes a true effect of intake of ALA on prostate cancer less likely.
Authors: Amanda J Carleton; John L Sievenpiper; Russell de Souza; Gail McKeown-Eyssen; David J A Jenkins Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2013-05-14 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Ingeborg A Brouwer; Johanna M Geleijnse; Veronique M Klaasen; Liesbeth A Smit; Erik J Giltay; Janette de Goede; Annemieke C Heijboer; Daan Kromhout; Martijn B Katan Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-12-11 Impact factor: 3.240