Mutation analysis of RAP1 gene in papillary thyroid carcinomas.

In human papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), the genetic alterations of RET/PTC, RAS or BRAF account for about 60-70% of cases with practically no overlap, providing strong genetic evidence that constitutive active signaling along MAPK pathway is critical for PTC development. In the remaining 30-40% of the cases, the oncogenes are still unknown. RAP1 is a member of the RAS family of small G proteins transmitting signals from the TSH-R to MAPK pathway using cAMP-dependent mechanism in thyroid cells. RAP1 was shown to have both mitogenic and tumorigenic properties in certain systems; however, the potential role of RAP1 mutation in thyroid carcinogenesis has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the mutational status of RAP1 gene in 36 Russian patients with PTCs without RET/PTC rearrangement, BRAF mutation or RAS mutation. No mutations in either RAP1A or RAP1B genes were found. These results suggest that RAP1 mutation does not play an important role in PTC pathogenesis.