Facile synthesis of highly faceted multioctahedral Pt nanocrystals through controlled overgrowth.

Highly faceted Pt nanocrystals with a large number of interconnected arms in a quasi-octahedral shape were synthesized simply by reducing H2PtCl6 precursor with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) in aqueous solutions containing a trace amount of FeCl3. The iron species (Fe(3+) or Fe(2+)) play a key role in inducing the formation of the multioctahedral structure by decreasing the concentration of Pt atoms and keeping a low concentration for the Pt seeds during the reaction. This condition favors the overgrowth of Pt seeds along their corners and thus the formation of multiarmed nanocrystals. Electron microscopy studies revealed that the multioctahedral Pt nanocrystals exhibit a large number of edge, corner, and surface step atoms. The size of the multioctahedral Pt nanocrystals can be controlled by varying the concentration of FeCl3 added to the reaction and/or the reaction temperature. These multioctahedral Pt nanocrystals were tested as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and exhibited improved specific activity and durability compared to commercial Pt/C catalyst.