The use of intraosseous infusions in the operating room.

The use of an intraosseous (IO) infusion during the anesthetic care of an 8-month-old, 5.4-kg infant with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) is presented. Previous vascular access had resulted in thrombotic occlusion of the upper and lower venous systems. When intravenous access could not be achieved, an IO needle was placed and IO access was used during the surgical procedure. The role of the IO route in the perioperative period is discussed and its adverse effect profile is reviewed.