OBJECTIVE: Based on the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) we developed and validated the Mannheimer Craving Scale (MaCS) for quantitative measurements of craving across different substances and suitable for multiple substance abuse. METHODS: The MaCS questionnaire measures obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the context of substance abuse and dependence similar to the OCDS. The MaCS consists of 12 items and 4 additional items. Validation of the instrument was performed by means of 3 assessments of each subject within a project for the evaluation of a detox treatment on n = 292 alcohol and drug-dependent patients with multiple substance abuse. RESULTS: The MaCS showed a very high measurement reliability (0.87 < alpha < 0.93). The MaCS total score correlated highly significant with the mean intensity of craving (0.47 < r (tc ) < 0.64, p < 0.0001), with the maximum of craving (0.52 < r (tc) < 0.69, p < 0.0001), and with the frequency of craving (0.43 < r (tc) < 0.65, p < 0.0001) measured by means of analogue scales. CONCLUSIONS: The MaCS for overall measurements of craving across multiple substances showed very good reliability and validity. In combination with a simple and universal feasibility of the MaCS these results indicate the applicability in everyday clinical settings as well as scientific settings.
OBJECTIVE: Based on the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) we developed and validated the Mannheimer Craving Scale (MaCS) for quantitative measurements of craving across different substances and suitable for multiple substance abuse. METHODS: The MaCS questionnaire measures obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the context of substance abuse and dependence similar to the OCDS. The MaCS consists of 12 items and 4 additional items. Validation of the instrument was performed by means of 3 assessments of each subject within a project for the evaluation of a detox treatment on n = 292 alcohol and drug-dependent patients with multiple substance abuse. RESULTS: The MaCS showed a very high measurement reliability (0.87 < alpha < 0.93). The MaCS total score correlated highly significant with the mean intensity of craving (0.47 < r (tc ) < 0.64, p < 0.0001), with the maximum of craving (0.52 < r (tc) < 0.69, p < 0.0001), and with the frequency of craving (0.43 < r (tc) < 0.65, p < 0.0001) measured by means of analogue scales. CONCLUSIONS: The MaCS for overall measurements of craving across multiple substances showed very good reliability and validity. In combination with a simple and universal feasibility of the MaCS these results indicate the applicability in everyday clinical settings as well as scientific settings.
Authors: Annabel S Mueller-Stierlin; Jeanette Röhrig; Christian Goetzl; Michael Krausz; Jutta Lehle; Elke Prestin; Vanessa-Emily Schoch; Lorenz Sutter; Jean Westenberg; Maurice Cabanis Journal: Trials Date: 2022-06-01 Impact factor: 2.728
Authors: Sarah Gerhardt; Katharina Eidenmueller; Sabine Hoffmann; Nina K Bekier; Patrick Bach; Derik Hermann; Anne Koopmann; Wolfgang H Sommer; Falk Kiefer; Sabine Vollstädt-Klein Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2022-04-14 Impact factor: 5.435
Authors: Christoffer Brynte; Myriam Aeschlimann; Csaba Barta; Alex Hendikus Abraham Begeman; Amanda Bäcker; Cleo Lina Crunelle; Constanza Daigre; Laura De Fuentes-Merillas; Zsolt Demetrovics; Geert Dom; Lara Grau López; Romain Icick; Brian Johnson; Peter Joostens; Máté Kapitány-Fövény; Emily Karsinti; Falk Kiefer; Maija Konstenius; Frances R Levin; Mathias Luderer; Wiebren Markus; Frieda Matthys; Franz Moggi; Raul Felipe Palma-Alvarez; Maria Paraskevopoulou; J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga; Arnt Schellekens; Leila M Soravia; Norman Therribout; Anil Thomas; Geurt van de Glind; Michiel Willem van Kernebeek; Sabine Vollstädt-Klein; Florence Vorspan; Wim van den Brink; Johan Franck Journal: BMC Psychiatry Date: 2022-09-23 Impact factor: 4.144