Comparison of human interleukin-1 beta and its 163-171 peptide in bone resorption and the immune response.

Human interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) caused a dose- and time-dependent enhancement of the release of 45Ca from prelabeled mouse calvaria in organ culture. In addition, IL-1 beta dose-dependently stimulated the formation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the calvarial bones. However, IL-1 beta-induced 45Ca release was only partially inhibited by blocking the PGE2 response with indomethacin, suggesting that enhanced PGE2 formation in response to IL-1 beta is not necessary to obtain a bone resorptive effect, but that prostaglandins potentiate the action of IL-1 beta. The synthetic nonapeptide VQGEESNDK, corresponding to the fragment 163-171 of human IL-1 beta, administered simultaneously with antigen (SRBC) to C3H/HeN male mice, induced a dose-dependent enhancement of specific antibody-producing cells in the spleen (PFC). The degree of PFC stimulation was comparable to that caused by native human IL-1 beta. In mouse bone cultures, neither 45Ca release nor prostanoid formation was stimulated by fragment 163-171. These data indicate that (1) IL-1 beta-induced stimulation of bone resorption is dissociable from IL-1 beta-induced increase of prostanoid biosynthesis and (2) the epitope of the IL-1 beta molecule involved in the immunostimulatory effects may be different from that involved in the stimulatory effects on bone resorption.