Sodium: a regulator of glucose uptake in virus-transformed and nontransformed cells.

Observations of cells transformed by the Bryan strain of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV-BH) suggested that the intracellular concentrations of sodium ion (Na+) may play a critical role in cellular metabolism. In an attempt to manipulate intracellular Na+, chick embryo cells were exposed to graded concentrations of Na+ in the cellular growth medium, and the effects on capacity for glucose uptake was examined. After incubation for six hours, the incorporation rate of 2-deoxyglucose (used as a substitute for glucose) was proportional to the external Na+ concentration over the range, 100 mM to 200 mM. Cells transformed by RSV-BH were less responsive than nontransformed cells to differences in Na+ at low concentrations. The changes were specifically dependent upon Na+, since K+, Li+, or choline + were ineffective as substitutes, and increasing the ionic strength above that of 120 mM Na+ was effective only when Na+ was the added cation.