Vascular complications of selected cancer therapies.

Over the past decade, therapies for several previously untreatable types of cancer have emerged or have improved; thus, more focus has been given to long-term complications of cancer therapy. The most commonly known cardiac toxicities of cancer therapy are cardiac dysfunction or congestive heart failure. Vascular complications--such as ischemia, myocardial infarction, venous or arterial thrombosis, and newly developed or worsened hypertension--are also relatively common following cancer treatment, particularly in patients with advanced-stage cancer. Experimental studies have suggested a number of potential mechanisms that might account for vascular complications of cancer therapies, which include dysfunction or damage of endothelial cells, increased platelet aggregation, and modulation of nitric oxide levels. This Review describes the vascular complications of treatment with 5-fluorouracil, bevacizumab, and several new tyrosine kinase inhibitors, with special emphasis on thrombotic complications and hypertension.