Plasmodium falciparum: Chemically defined medium for continuous intraerythrocytic growth using lipids and recombinant albumin.

Dioleoylphosphatidylcholine and other phosphatidylcholines containing different fatty acid moieties were found to increase the ability of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) to sustain continuous intraerythrocytic growth of Plasmodium falciparum in the presence of specific proteins. Other phospholipids, including phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid, were beneficial to parasite growth. Different combinations and concentrations of NEFA tested in the presence of phospholipids and bovine albumin had variable effects on parasite growth. The most effective combination for promoting parasite growth consisted of 30 microg/ml cis-9-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid) plus 15 microg/ml hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid). Recombinant human albumin could replace bovine or human albumin in culture media enriched with structurally defined lipids. This study therefore established a chemically defined culture medium suitable for sustaining the growth of P. falciparum.