Avicenna's treatise on otology in Medieval Persia.

Avicenna (AD 980-1037) was one of the best-known physicians of his time. Born in Persia, he gained notoriety both in the local and international scenes. Avicenna's best-known book, Canon of Medicine, was the standard textbook of medicine for more than five centuries in Europe and the Persian Empire. Because no English translation of the entire Canon of Medicine exists, the authors have recently translated the treatise on otologic diseases from Persian into English. Correlation was made with the Arabic text as well to ensure accuracy. This study provides a review of Avicenna's significant contributions to the concepts in anatomy and the pathophysiology of ear diseases. Herbal and nonherbal medications used in the treatment of otologic disorders are also discussed.