Introduction of human papillomavirus vaccines into developing countries - international strategies for funding and procurement.

This paper explores different international vaccine financing and procurement strategies used by the Pan American Health Organization, United Nation's Children's Fund, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, the Gulf Cooperation Model, and the Advanced Market Commitments. The aim is to identify lessons learned to help ensure equitable distribution of life-saving vaccines for cervical cancer prevention, with particular emphasis on sustainability. A critical first step in the cascade of activities necessary for Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine introduction should be the creation of an informed policy decision making process that is grounded in the best available information at a national level. This process will help ensure that decisions are financially sustainable. Any vaccine purchasing mechanisms should address the following essential points: 1) prioritization of cost-saving interventions; 2) flexible participation; 3) sufficient support to confront in-country challenges for managing vaccine procurement mechanisms; 4) a definite time-line for country ownership of vaccine purchases; 5) accuracy of vaccine demand forecasting; 6) maintenance of vaccine supply chains; and 7) well-functioning surveillance and regulatory bodies. In mapping the way forward, using the lessons learned and maintaining flexibility of financing and procurement mechanisms remain critical issues.