[Tuberculosis in France: new challenges for practitioners].

The need for a national tuberculosis control program was based on disparities of incidence by geographical area or by population group, and differences in tuberculosis control practice. This program was developed within the context of the 2004 public health act that prioritised tuberculosis control with the objective "to stabilise the tuberculosis incidence by reinforcing control strategies in groups and zones at risk". The tuberculosis control programme, launched in July 2007, aims to consolidate the decrease of the tuberculosis incidence and to reduce the inequalities. This implies, in particular, reaching the most exposed populations, to ensure an adequate management of cases with a good treatment observance. This also implies preventing transmission in health care settings, and maintaining the low level of multiresistance and must be done despite the loss of expertise due to a decrease in incidence. The six major objectives of the tuberculosis control program are to ensure an early diagnosis and an adequate treatment for all tuberculosis cases, to improve screening, to optimise the BCG policy, to maintain antituberculosis resistance at a low level, to improve the epidemiological surveillance and the knowledge of the determinants of tuberculosis and to improve the management of tuberculosis control activities.