OBJECTIVE: This study examined longitudinal trends in the use of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics for treatment of bipolar disorder in a large public mental health system and whether trends differed by age, gender, and race-ethnicity. METHODS: Data were from Medicaid beneficiaries with bipolar disorder receiving services in the San Diego County public mental health system from 2001 to 2004. For each year the proportion of clients receiving any pharmacotherapy and the proportion receiving antipsychotics alone, mood stabilizers alone, or antipsychotics plus mood stabilizers were determined. Pharmacotherapy use was examined by age, gender, and race-ethnicity. RESULTS: A total of 1,473 clients were identified who were continuously enrolled in Medicaid during the four years. Seventy-five percent received mood stabilizers or antipsychotics. Of this group, 33% received antipsychotics alone, 23% mood stabilizers alone, and 44% both antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. The percentage receiving mood stabilizers or antipsychotics increased significantly, from 71% in 2001 to 77% in 2004, primarily because of increased use among women. Use of mood stabilizers alone declined from 25% to 20%, and use of antipsychotics alone increased from 32% to 36%. African Americans and Latinos were less likely than non-Latino whites to receive mood stabilizers or antipsychotics; this pattern was stable over time. CONCLUSIONS: Antipsychotics were prescribed for a larger percentage of clients than mood stabilizers. Persons from ethnic minority groups were less likely to receive either medication type. Research is needed to examine factors affecting pharmacotherapy in bipolar disorder and mechanisms underlying racial-ethnic disparities in pharmacotherapy, including their persistence over time.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined longitudinal trends in the use of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics for treatment of bipolar disorder in a large public mental health system and whether trends differed by age, gender, and race-ethnicity. METHODS: Data were from Medicaid beneficiaries with bipolar disorder receiving services in the San Diego County public mental health system from 2001 to 2004. For each year the proportion of clients receiving any pharmacotherapy and the proportion receiving antipsychotics alone, mood stabilizers alone, or antipsychotics plus mood stabilizers were determined. Pharmacotherapy use was examined by age, gender, and race-ethnicity. RESULTS: A total of 1,473 clients were identified who were continuously enrolled in Medicaid during the four years. Seventy-five percent received mood stabilizers or antipsychotics. Of this group, 33% received antipsychotics alone, 23% mood stabilizers alone, and 44% both antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. The percentage receiving mood stabilizers or antipsychotics increased significantly, from 71% in 2001 to 77% in 2004, primarily because of increased use among women. Use of mood stabilizers alone declined from 25% to 20%, and use of antipsychotics alone increased from 32% to 36%. African Americans and Latinos were less likely than non-Latino whites to receive mood stabilizers or antipsychotics; this pattern was stable over time. CONCLUSIONS: Antipsychotics were prescribed for a larger percentage of clients than mood stabilizers. Persons from ethnic minority groups were less likely to receive either medication type. Research is needed to examine factors affecting pharmacotherapy in bipolar disorder and mechanisms underlying racial-ethnic disparities in pharmacotherapy, including their persistence over time.
Authors: Rayan K Al Jurdi; Herbert C Schulberg; Rebecca L Greenberg; Mark E Kunik; Ariel Gildengers; Martha Sajatovic; Benoit H Mulsant; Robert C Young Journal: J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol Date: 2012-03 Impact factor: 2.680
Authors: Dominic Hodgkin; Joanna Volpe-Vartanian; Elizabeth L Merrick; Constance M Horgan; Andrew A Nierenberg; Richard G Frank; Sue Lee Journal: Health Econ Date: 2011-04-19 Impact factor: 3.046
Authors: Alisa B Busch; Haiden A Huskamp; Brian Neelon; Tim Manning; Sharon-Lise T Normand; Thomas G McGuire Journal: Med Care Date: 2009-12 Impact factor: 2.983
Authors: Kiraat D Munshi; Ya-Chen T Shih; Lawrence M Brown; Samuel Dagogo-Jack; Jim Y Wan; Junling Wang Journal: Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res Date: 2013-04 Impact factor: 2.217