Ebru Salcioğlu1, Metin Başoğlu. 1. Section of Trauma Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK. Ebru.Salcioglu@iop.kcl.ac.uk
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Treatment of child earthquake survivors is a relatively less investigated issue in disaster research. A review of the evidence on the mental health effects of earthquakes, risk factors, and findings from treatment studies may provide useful insights into effective treatment of traumatized children. DATA SOURCES: Studies of child and adolescent earthquake survivors included the PILOTS database (electronic index for literature on psychological trauma) and relevant evidence from various studies of adult earthquake survivors. RESULTS: Evidence points to elevated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and earthquake-related fears in children and adolescents. Traumatic stress appears to be mediated by loss of control over fear induced by exposure to unpredictable and uncontrollable earthquakes. This implies that interventions enhancing sense of control over fear are likely to be most effective. Recent studies indeed show that a control focused behavioral treatment (CFBT) involving mainly encouragement for self-exposure to feared situations is highly effective in facilitating recovery from earthquake trauma. Evidence also suggests that CFBT can be delivered through booklets and similar media. CONCLUSIONS: Pilot studies suggest that CFBT has promise in effective treatment of PTSD in children. Further research is needed to confirm these preliminary findings and to develop self-help tools for children.
BACKGROUND: Treatment of child earthquake survivors is a relatively less investigated issue in disaster research. A review of the evidence on the mental health effects of earthquakes, risk factors, and findings from treatment studies may provide useful insights into effective treatment of traumatized children. DATA SOURCES: Studies of child and adolescent earthquake survivors included the PILOTS database (electronic index for literature on psychological trauma) and relevant evidence from various studies of adult earthquake survivors. RESULTS: Evidence points to elevated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and earthquake-related fears in children and adolescents. Traumatic stress appears to be mediated by loss of control over fear induced by exposure to unpredictable and uncontrollable earthquakes. This implies that interventions enhancing sense of control over fear are likely to be most effective. Recent studies indeed show that a control focused behavioral treatment (CFBT) involving mainly encouragement for self-exposure to feared situations is highly effective in facilitating recovery from earthquake trauma. Evidence also suggests that CFBT can be delivered through booklets and similar media. CONCLUSIONS: Pilot studies suggest that CFBT has promise in effective treatment of PTSD in children. Further research is needed to confirm these preliminary findings and to develop self-help tools for children.
Authors: Armen K Goenjian; David Walling; Alan M Steinberg; Ida Karayan; Louis M Najarian; Robert Pynoos Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 2005-12 Impact factor: 18.112
Authors: A K Goenjian; I Karayan; R S Pynoos; D Minassian; L M Najarian; A M Steinberg; L A Fairbanks Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 1997-04 Impact factor: 18.112
Authors: B Forresi; F Soncini; E Bottosso; E Di Pietro; G Scarpini; S Scaini; G Aggazzotti; E Caffo; E Righi Journal: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2019-07-13 Impact factor: 4.785