[Diabetic foot: detection and prevention].

Foot care prevention programs can reduce the occurrence of foot ulcerations and amputations. The most important factor related to the development of foot ulcer is peripheral neuropathy, associated with loss of pain. Neuropathy can be associated with peripheral vascular disease and foot deformities. Five cornerstones for prevention should be respected, including regular examination of the feet and footwear, identification of high-risk patients, education of the patient and family, appropriate footwear, and treatment of nonulcerative pathology. After examination of the foot using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test, each patient can be assigned to one of the four risk categories to guide management. Foot care programs should be provided to high-risk categories of patients. Education plays an important role in prevention. The aim is to increase motivation and skills and enhance compliance with footwear advice. Items may include daily feet inspection and regular washing. Appropriate foot wear should protect against trauma. High-risk patients should participate in a foot care program set up by a multidisciplinary foot care team.