[Epidemiological profile of premature labor].

Preterm birth is the most important cause of neonatal mortality and birth-related short- and long-term neurological morbidity. This health problem has a meaningful social and economic cost for families and governments. Its frequency varies from 5 to 12% in world-developed regions and can be as high as 40% in poorest regions. Preterm birth is associated with many causes, and previous preterm birth is the most significant risk factor, with bacterial vaginosis, which is associated with chorioamnionitis. Although there are many maternal characteristics associated with this suffering, its etiology in most cases is not clear, and the role of infection, usually intrauterine infection, is important. Access to early and suitable prenatal care is a relevant issue for many women who have the highest risks of preterm birth: young, poor and unsupported mothers.