Kinesiology of the shoulder complex.

The purpose of this article is to present a kinesiological analysis of motion of the shoulder complex. The literature of the shoulder complex kinesiology is reviewed and is presented as a cohesive whole. Basic information regarding structural components of the shoulder complex is presented in table form for easy accessibility. Terminology is defined. The coordinated movement of the three bones of the shoulder complex is described and their interdependence is emphasized. The clinical importance of this interdependence is stressed. Finally, basic biomechanical and kinesiological information is used to analyze motion of the shoulder complex as a whole. Combined muscle actions are described throughout the range of motion for four representative movements. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1987;8(9):438-450.