Long-term clinical outcomes of nocturnal hemodialysis patients compared with conventional hemodialysis patients post-renal transplantation.

Nocturnal home hemodialysis (NHD) is a novel dialysis strategy associated with multiple advantages over conventional hemodialysis (CHD). Short- and long-term clinical outcomes of NHD patients after kidney transplantation are unknown. We hypothesized that the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF), patient and graft survival, and post-transplant estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is better among CHD-transplanted individuals than among those having received NHD. Of 231 NHD patients, 36 underwent renal transplantation between 1994 and 2006 and were matched to 68 transplanted CHD patients with a maximum follow-up of 11.7 yr. The incidence of DGF was not different between the two groups [NHD: 15/35 (42.9%) vs. CHD: 25/68 (36.8%) p = 0.43]. In modeling eGFR pre-transplant weight, donor age and recipient race were most predictive. Dialysis modality prior to transplantation influenced neither the level of eGFR post-transplantation (p = 0.34), nor the rate of eGFR decline. Patient survival was comparable between NHD and CHD groups (log-rank p = 0.91). Based on this analysis, it appeared that the incidence of DGF was similar between NHD- and CHD-transplanted patients and that pre-transplant modality did not impact on the level or rate of deterioration of post-transplant eGFR.