Single-stage and multistage pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction.

Acquired pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis almost always results from prolonged intubation for prematurity. An understanding of the process by which this occurs helps in prevention and treatment. Before deciding to perform cartilage augmentation procedures, more limited techniques such as medical therapy or endoscopic surgery need to be considered. Careful assessment of the patient and the stenosis aid the decision-making process for the right operation at the right time. Despite this assessment, patients with a severe or complete stenosis have a poorer prognosis, and cricotracheal resection may be a better option.