Hypertension management in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. The loss of renal function leads to impaired renal autoregulation and renders the kidney vulnerable to the damaging effects of uncontrolled hypertension. Mounting evidence indicates that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers slow the progression of chronic kidney disease through effects beyond lowering blood pressure. Studies are needed to determine whether high doses of the single agent or combination therapy is most effective in providing renal protection. Urinary protein excretion is a useful tool for monitoring and titrating therapy to maximize renal protection. Changes in the serum creatinine concentration and hyperkalemia are complications of antihypertensive therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease that can be successfully managed to allow continued use of renin-angiotensin blockade.