David Gimeno1, Michael G Marmot, Archana Singh-Manoux. 1. International Institute for Society and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Medical School, London, UK. d.gimeno@ucl.ac.uk
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess whether C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are associated with low cognitive performance and decline in middle-aged adults. DESIGN/ SETTING: The Whitehall II study; an ongoing large-scale, prospective occupational cohort study of employees from 20 London-based white-collar Civil Service departments. PARTICIPANTS: Data from more than 3000 males and 1200 female employees. MEASURES: Inflammatory makers measured in 1991-1993 and five cognitive tests (short-term verbal memory, inductive reasoning (AH4-I), vocabulary (Mill Hill), and phonemic and semantic fluency) performed in 1997-1999 and 2002-2004. Performance in the lowest sex-specific quintile indicated low cognitive performance or decline. Covariates included sociodemographics, health behaviours and health conditions. RESULTS: In age-adjusted analyses both CRP and IL-6 were associated with all cognitive measures in 1997-1999, even though the association with memory was not consistent. After extensive adjustment raised CRP levels were only associated with poor cognitive performance on the AH4-I (OR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.05-1.82) and Mill Hill (OR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.14-2.03) and IL-6 on semantic fluency (OR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.14-2.03). Associations were more evident in men than in women. No clear relationship was observed for decline. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that raised levels of inflammatory markers in midlife are moderately associated with lower cognitive status, but little with cognitive decline.
OBJECTIVES: To assess whether C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are associated with low cognitive performance and decline in middle-aged adults. DESIGN/ SETTING: The Whitehall II study; an ongoing large-scale, prospective occupational cohort study of employees from 20 London-based white-collar Civil Service departments. PARTICIPANTS: Data from more than 3000 males and 1200 female employees. MEASURES: Inflammatory makers measured in 1991-1993 and five cognitive tests (short-term verbal memory, inductive reasoning (AH4-I), vocabulary (Mill Hill), and phonemic and semantic fluency) performed in 1997-1999 and 2002-2004. Performance in the lowest sex-specific quintile indicated low cognitive performance or decline. Covariates included sociodemographics, health behaviours and health conditions. RESULTS: In age-adjusted analyses both CRP and IL-6 were associated with all cognitive measures in 1997-1999, even though the association with memory was not consistent. After extensive adjustment raised CRP levels were only associated with poor cognitive performance on the AH4-I (OR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.05-1.82) and Mill Hill (OR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.14-2.03) and IL-6 on semantic fluency (OR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.14-2.03). Associations were more evident in men than in women. No clear relationship was observed for decline. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that raised levels of inflammatory markers in midlife are moderately associated with lower cognitive status, but little with cognitive decline.
Authors: Gary L Myers; Nader Rifai; Russell P Tracy; William L Roberts; R Wayne Alexander; Luigi M Biasucci; John D Catravas; Thomas G Cole; Gerald R Cooper; Bobby V Khan; Mary M Kimberly; Evan A Stein; Kathryn A Taubert; G Russell Warnick; Parvin P Waymack Journal: Circulation Date: 2004-12-21 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: D Gimeno; M Kivimäki; E J Brunner; M Elovainio; R De Vogli; A Steptoe; M Kumari; G D O Lowe; A Rumley; M G Marmot; J E Ferrie Journal: Psychol Med Date: 2008-06-04 Impact factor: 7.723
Authors: K S Krabbe; E L Mortensen; K Avlund; H Pilegaard; L Christiansen; A N Pedersen; M Schroll; T Jørgensen; B K Pedersen; H Bruunsgaard Journal: Neurobiol Aging Date: 2007-10-25 Impact factor: 4.673
Authors: Mary C Zuniga; Thuy B Tran; Brittanie D Baughman; Gayatri Raghuraman; Elizabeth Hitchner; Allyson Rosen; Wei Zhou Journal: Ann Surg Date: 2016-10 Impact factor: 12.969
Authors: Jonathan Cavanagh; Rajeev Krishnadas; G David Batty; Harry Burns; Kevin A Deans; Ian Ford; Alex McConnachie; Agnes McGinty; Jennifer S McLean; Keith Millar; Naveed Sattar; Paul G Shiels; Carol Tannahill; Yoga N Velupillai; Chris J Packard; John McLean Journal: Cerebellum Date: 2013-12 Impact factor: 3.847
Authors: Eanes D B Pereira; Cinthya Sampaio Viana; Tauily C E Taunay; Penha U Sales; Jose W O Lima; Marcelo A Holanda Journal: Lung Date: 2011-06-09 Impact factor: 2.584
Authors: Laura E Petersen; Talita S A Baptista; Júlia K Molina; Julia G Motta; Aline do Prado; Deise M Piovesan; Tatiana de Nardi; Thiago W Viola; Érica L M Vieira; Antonio L Teixeira; Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira; Moisés Evandro Bauer Journal: Clin Rheumatol Date: 2018-01-25 Impact factor: 2.980