Stability and rheological behavior of concentrated monodisperse food emulsifier coated microbubble suspensions.

Nearly monodispersed populations of microbubbles were produced using flow focusing with a food grade emulsifier. The microbubbles produced by this technique have diameters in the range of 120-200 microm. The flow focusing device uses metered streams of air and liquid to produce a jet that periodically pinches to make individual microbubbles. The size of the microbubbles can be controlled by changing the relative flow rates of the gas and the liquid. The emulsifier consists of a mixture of monoglycerides, diglycerides and sodium stearoyl lactylate in combination with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-40 stearate. The emulsifier forms a thin shell that stabilizes the microbubbles. The microbubbles are stable over time with their sizes remaining roughly constant over 2 h. Such stability allows suspensions of microbubbles to be formed and their rheological properties tested. The sizes of the microbubbles are also monitored off-line while testing, examining the effect of shearing on the bubble sizes, as well as their stability over time. These results show that the microbubble suspensions are viscoelastic and exhibit power law behavior. The relationship between the air fraction of the suspension and fluid viscosity is determined.