The effect of ghrelin on water intake during dipsogenic conditions.

Ghrelin has been studied extensively in the context of food intake and energy homeostasis, but less is known about its role in other ingestive behaviors. The present studies investigated the effects of this orexigenic peptide on both food and water intake during dipsogenic conditions. Specifically, animals were exposed to one of five dipsetic stimuli: (1) 24-h water deprivation, (2) replacement of drinking water with 2.5% NaCl, (3) peripheral administration of hypertonic saline, (4) ICV injection of angiotensin II (AngII), or (5) the combination of peripheral hypertonic saline and central AngII. Animals then were given an ICV injection of ghrelin (0.5 microg) or vehicle, and subsequent food and water intakes were measured. Ghrelin reliably increased food intake under each stimulus condition. Ghrelin also affected water intake, but with less consistency across the conditions. Specifically, ghrelin attenuated water intake stimulated by acute injection of AngII or hypertonic saline, but failed to affect drinking in the other three stimulus conditions. Investigation of the temporal pattern of food and water intakes in three of these dipsogenic conditions failed to support a role of different intake patterns in the observed differences in water intake by ghrelin-treated rats. Although the effect of ghrelin on water intake was not present in every dipsogenic condition, these data provide evidence that the actions of ghrelin are not limited to food intake, but can also include alterations in water intake.