Components and timing of prenatal care.

The primary objective for prenatal care has not changed in the past 100 years: to have the pregnancy end with a healthy baby and mother. By identifying risk factors for pregnancy complications or other maternal health concerns that need to be addressed, the provider hopes to optimize pregnancy outcome. By using a series of screening and diagnostic tests, as well as serially trending certain components of the physical examination, the provider monitors the ongoing "health" of the pregnancy. As the ability to screen and intervene has improved over the last century, the issues to be assessed have expanded to include not only medical aspects of care but also barriers to access, psychologic considerations, and patient education about general health, pregnancy, and childbirth.