Quantitative approach to ultrasonic emulsion separation.

Ultrasound of 2 MHz was irradiated to the emulsion prepared from canola oil and water and flocculation of the oil droplets occurred immediately. By putting the emulsion sample in a thin glass cell and setting it in bath type irradiation equipment, the progress of the separation was quantitatively monitored with the optical absorbance. The use of the cell enables visual observation of the behavior of oil droplets. Pictures show the formation of flocks of the dispersed phase and the appearance of checkered pattern consisting of flocks at a regular interval. The observation indicates that the action of radiation forces on oil droplets, which causes the flocculation. The flocks started to rise after stopping irradiation with holding their shape. The rising rate of the flocks was significantly greater than that of oil droplets in the original emulsion. Ultrasonic irradiation caused a rapid decrease in the absorbance, which expresses a progress of the separation. Effects of two major operation parameters, power and time on the separation degree were examined. The degree improved with increasing power input and irradiation time. The dataset was arranged in a plot of normalized separation degree against the input energy. The plot suggests that effective separation was attained with a lower power input and a longer irradiation time. The plot provides a guide for setting condition for the separation.