BACKGROUND: Recently, non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis (NHALE) was identified as a new subgroup of limbic encephalitis. The immunological pathophysiology of NHALE is still unclear. METHODS: We measured the concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNFR1) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 15 patients with NHALE and 13 with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) by cytometric bead array or ELISA. RESULTS: The CSF concentrations of IL-6 in patients with NHALE and IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-10, and sTNFR1 in HSE patients were significantly higher than those of controls (p<0.001, p=0.004, p<0.001, p=0.018, and p<0.001, respectively). There were significant correlations among CSF IL-6, IL-10, and sTNFR1 levels in HSE patients. The CSF concentrations of IFN-gamma and sTNFR1 levels of patients with HSE were significantly higher than those with NHALE (p=0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CSF cytokine levels in NHALE were relatively low compared with those in HSE. These results may be related to the favorable prognosis of NHALE.
BACKGROUND: Recently, non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis (NHALE) was identified as a new subgroup of limbic encephalitis. The immunological pathophysiology of NHALE is still unclear. METHODS: We measured the concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNFR1) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 15 patients with NHALE and 13 with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) by cytometric bead array or ELISA. RESULTS: The CSF concentrations of IL-6 in patients with NHALE and IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-10, and sTNFR1 in HSE patients were significantly higher than those of controls (p<0.001, p=0.004, p<0.001, p=0.018, and p<0.001, respectively). There were significant correlations among CSF IL-6, IL-10, and sTNFR1 levels in HSE patients. The CSF concentrations of IFN-gamma and sTNFR1 levels of patients with HSE were significantly higher than those with NHALE (p=0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CSF cytokine levels in NHALE were relatively low compared with those in HSE. These results may be related to the favorable prognosis of NHALE.
Authors: Benedict Daniel Michael; Michael J Griffiths; Julia Granerod; David Brown; Geoff Keir; Małgorzata Wnęk; Daniel J Cox; Rishma Vidyasagar; Ray Borrow; Laura M Parkes; Tom Solomon Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2015-12-27 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Ann Atlas; Elisabeth Franzen-Röhl; Johan Söderlund; Erik G Jönsson; Martin Samuelsson; Lilly Schwieler; Birgit Sköldenberg; Göran Engberg Journal: Int J Tryptophan Res Date: 2013-11-25
Authors: Kavitha Kothur; Louise Wienholt; Shekeeb S Mohammad; Esther M Tantsis; Sekhar Pillai; Philip N Britton; Cheryl A Jones; Rajeshwar R Angiti; Elizabeth H Barnes; Timothy Schlub; Sushil Bandodkar; Fabienne Brilot; Russell C Dale Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-08-30 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Benedict D Michael; Michael J Griffiths; Julia Granerod; David Brown; Nicholas W S Davies; Ray Borrow; Tom Solomon Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-01-25 Impact factor: 3.240