AIM: To investigate whether valproic acid (VPA) modulates human GM3 synthase (hST3Gal V) mRNA expression, as a part of ganglioside GM3 biosynthesis, in human neuroblastoma cells. METHODS: Using RT-PCR and immunofluorescent confocal microscopy, we examined hST3Gal V mRNA and GM3 levels during VPA-induced differentiation of human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE(2)-C cells. We characterized the VPA-inducible promoter region within the hST3- Gal V gene using luciferase constructs carrying 5'-deletions of the hST3Gal V promoter. RESULTS: RT-PCR indicated that VPA-mediated hST3Gal V induction is transcriptionally regulated. Functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the hST3Gal V gene demonstrated that the -177 to -83 region, which contains a cAMP-responsive element (CRE) at -143, functions as the VPA-inducible promoter by actively binding CRE binding protein (CREB). In addition, sitedirected mutagenesis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that the CRE at -143 is crucial for the VPA-induced expression of hST3Gal V in SK-NBE( 2)-C cells. CONCLUSION: Our results isolated the core promoter region in the hST3Gal V promoter, a CRE at -143, and demonstrated that it is essential for transcriptional activation of hST3Gal V in VPA-induced SK-N-BE(2)-C cells. Subsequent CREB binding to this CRE mediates VPA-dependent upregulation of hST3Gal V gene expression.
AIM: To investigate whether valproic acid (VPA) modulates humanGM3 synthase (hST3Gal V) mRNA expression, as a part of gangliosideGM3 biosynthesis, in humanneuroblastoma cells. METHODS: Using RT-PCR and immunofluorescent confocal microscopy, we examined hST3Gal V mRNA and GM3 levels during VPA-induced differentiation of humanneuroblastoma SK-N-BE(2)-C cells. We characterized the VPA-inducible promoter region within the hST3- Gal V gene using luciferase constructs carrying 5'-deletions of the hST3Gal V promoter. RESULTS: RT-PCR indicated that VPA-mediated hST3Gal V induction is transcriptionally regulated. Functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the hST3Gal V gene demonstrated that the -177 to -83 region, which contains a cAMP-responsive element (CRE) at -143, functions as the VPA-inducible promoter by actively binding CRE binding protein (CREB). In addition, sitedirected mutagenesis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that the CRE at -143 is crucial for the VPA-induced expression of hST3Gal V in SK-NBE( 2)-C cells. CONCLUSION: Our results isolated the core promoter region in the hST3Gal V promoter, a CRE at -143, and demonstrated that it is essential for transcriptional activation of hST3Gal V in VPA-induced SK-N-BE(2)-C cells. Subsequent CREB binding to this CRE mediates VPA-dependent upregulation of hST3Gal V gene expression.