BACKGROUND: Zeolites have hemostatic properties used to stop bleeding in severe hemorrhage. Manufactured QuikClot is an approved zeolite-based hemostatic agent for battlefield use. The exothermic reaction associated with QuikClot as loose granules or as granules packaged in a mesh bag has potential burn effects; this led to the development of a formulation of "cooler" non-exothermic QuikClot. The goal of this study was to compare the elevation of temperature of these formulations upon contact with blood. METHODS: Following full transection of the femoral vasculature, anesthetized Yorkshire pigs (n = 15) (28.8 +/- 1.5 kg) were hemorrhaged for 2 min and treated with 100 g of bagged QuikClot (Advanced Clotting Sponge (ACS) (n = 4)) or a modified non-exothermic formulation (ACS+ (n = 11)). Vital signs and temperature at the dressing/tissue interface were continuously recorded for 3 h. Additional procedures were used to examine effects of different ratios of blood to zeolite on temperature elevation. RESULTS: Total post-treatment blood loss was comparable for ACS+_E and ACS_E groups (overall average: 18.6 +/- 10.5% EBV). Temperature recorded at the dressing/tissue interface was significantly lower with ACS+ vs. ACS (40.3 +/- 1.8 vs. 61.4 +/- 10.7 degrees C, respectively, p < 0.01) and was 3.2 +/- 2.6 degrees C higher than rectal temperature (38.0 +/- 0.7 degrees C, p < 0.01). Survival at endpoint (7/11 vs. 4/4) and average survival time (134 +/- 64 vs. 180 min) were greater for both ACS+ and ACS in comparison to Standard Dressing. The wound temperature with ACS was reduced with greater blood to product ratios and this pattern was paralleled with in vitro measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The lower heat release with ACS+ compared to ACS was confirmed in an animal model and ACS+ had similar efficacy in arresting bleeding when compared to Standard Dressing.
BACKGROUND: Zeolites have hemostatic properties used to stop bleeding in severe hemorrhage. Manufactured QuikClot is an approved zeolite-based hemostatic agent for battlefield use. The exothermic reaction associated with QuikClot as loose granules or as granules packaged in a mesh bag has potential burn effects; this led to the development of a formulation of "cooler" non-exothermic QuikClot. The goal of this study was to compare the elevation of temperature of these formulations upon contact with blood. METHODS: Following full transection of the femoral vasculature, anesthetized Yorkshire pigs (n = 15) (28.8 +/- 1.5 kg) were hemorrhaged for 2 min and treated with 100 g of bagged QuikClot (Advanced Clotting Sponge (ACS) (n = 4)) or a modified non-exothermic formulation (ACS+ (n = 11)). Vital signs and temperature at the dressing/tissue interface were continuously recorded for 3 h. Additional procedures were used to examine effects of different ratios of blood to zeolite on temperature elevation. RESULTS: Total post-treatment blood loss was comparable for ACS+_E and ACS_E groups (overall average: 18.6 +/- 10.5% EBV). Temperature recorded at the dressing/tissue interface was significantly lower with ACS+ vs. ACS (40.3 +/- 1.8 vs. 61.4 +/- 10.7 degrees C, respectively, p < 0.01) and was 3.2 +/- 2.6 degrees C higher than rectal temperature (38.0 +/- 0.7 degrees C, p < 0.01). Survival at endpoint (7/11 vs. 4/4) and average survival time (134 +/- 64 vs. 180 min) were greater for both ACS+ and ACS in comparison to Standard Dressing. The wound temperature with ACS was reduced with greater blood to product ratios and this pattern was paralleled with in vitro measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The lower heat release with ACS+ compared to ACS was confirmed in an animal model and ACS+ had similar efficacy in arresting bleeding when compared to Standard Dressing.
Authors: Parinaz Fathi; Michael Sikorski; Katerina Christodoulides; Kristen Langan; Yoon Sun Choi; Michael Titcomb; Anjali Ghodasara; Omasiri Wonodi; Hemi Thaker; Mert Vural; Adam Behrens; Peter Kofinas Journal: J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater Date: 2017-08-26 Impact factor: 3.368
Authors: Marlena D Konieczynska; Juan C Villa-Camacho; Cynthia Ghobril; Miguel Perez-Viloria; William A Blessing; Ara Nazarian; Edward K Rodriguez; Mark W Grinstaff Journal: Mater Horiz Date: 2016-12-23 Impact factor: 13.266
Authors: DaShawn A Hickman; Christa L Pawlowski; Ujjal D S Sekhon; Joyann Marks; Anirban Sen Gupta Journal: Adv Mater Date: 2017-11-22 Impact factor: 30.849