| Literature DB >> 18706341 |
F Barin1.
Abstract
The viral safety of biologicals, either human blood derivatives or animal products or recombinant proteins issued from biotechnology, relies on the quality of the starting material, the manufacturing process and, if necessary, the control of the final product. The quality of the starting material is highly guaranteed for blood derivatives due to the individual screening for specific markers (antigens, genome, antibodies) for major blood borne viruses such as hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It can be reinforced by the detection through amplification procedures (polymerase chain reaction) in the plasma pool of genomes from viruses that have been implicated in contaminations of blood derivatives in the past (parvovirus B19, hepatitis A virus). The association in the manufacturing process of different steps dedicated to purification of plasma proteins (partitioning), virus inactivation (solvent/detergent treatment, heat inactivation) or specific procedures allowing virus removal (nanofiltration) allows to reduce the viral risk very efficiently. The validation studies using scaled down systems and model viruses allow to evaluate the virus safety of any product quantitatively. The aim of these procedures is to guarantee the lack of infectivity due to any virus, either known or unknown.Entities:
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Year: 2008 PMID: 18706341 PMCID: PMC7094260 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2008.05.004
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Ann Pharm Fr ISSN: 0003-4509
Figure 1Les éléments contribuant à la sécurité virale des médicaments d’origine biologique.
The key factors that contribute to viral safety of biologicals.
Prévalence des dons de sang dépistés par détection du génome viral (VIH et VHC) en absence d’anticorps correspondants, France [18] et États-Unis [17]. La prévalence des dons positifs en anticorps (Ac VIH Pos, Ac VHC Pos) est présentée en parallèle pour les données françaises.
Prevalence of positive blood donations by nucleic acid testing (HIV and HCV) in absence of corresponding antibodies, France[18]and USA[17]. The prevalence of antibody positive donations in France is shown for comparison.
| France | États-Unis | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Période | Juillet 2001–décembre 2003 | Mars 1999–avril 2002 | |
| Nombre de dons | 6,12 millions | 37,16 millions | 36,97 millions |
| ARN VIH Pos (Ac neg) | 2 (0,3/106) | 12 (0,3/106) | |
| Ac VIH Pos | 88 (14,4/106) | ND | |
| ARN VHC Pos (Ac neg) | 4 (0,7/106) | 139 (3,8/106) | |
| Ac VHC Pos | 759 (124/106) | ND | |
ND : valeurs non rapportées dans la référence [17].
ND: not done (not available).
Figure 2Fractionnement du plasma pour l’obtention de certains MDS [10].
Blood fractionation for a few plasma derivatives[10].
Principaux virus utilisés pour les études de validation des étapes d’élimination/inactivation virale des MDS. Le diamètre des virus est indiqué entre parenthèses.
Current viruses used for validation studies of blood derivatives. The diameter of the virus particles is indicated in parentheses.
HSV : herpes simplex virus ; PRV : pseudorabies virus ; BPV : bovine parvovirus ; CPV : canine parvovirus ; PPV : porcine parvovirus ; BVDV : bovine viral diarrhea virus ; YFV : yellow fever virus ; EMCV : encephalomyocarditis virus.
Figure 3Principe d’une validation de l’élimination virale lors d’une étape (étape 2) de partition sélectionnée au sein d’un procédé de fabrication.
Schematic representation of the principle of validation studies, showing the scale down and a spiking experiment on a specific step (step 2).