The influence of chitosan content in cationic chitosan/PLGA nanoparticles on the delivery efficiency of antisense 2'-O-methyl-RNA directed against telomerase in lung cancer cells.

Tailorable cationic chitosan/PLGA nanoparticles (CPNP) were used for the delivery of an antisense 2'-O-methyl-RNA (2OMR) directed against RNA template of human telomerase. Here, we describe the influence of the chitosan content on binding efficiency, complex stability, uptake in different human lung cell types and finally demonstrate the efficacy of this nanoplex system. CPNPs were prepared by the emulsion-solvent evaporation method using different amounts of chitosan and purified by preparative size exclusion chromatography. The characterization by photon correlation spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements showed a small increase in size and an increase of zeta potential with increasing amounts of chitosan. Binding efficiency and complex stability with 2OMR was high in water and correlated well with the chitosan content of particles but was weak in physiologically relevant media (PBS and RPMI cell culture medium). However, flow cytometry analysis showed that the uptake of 2OMR into A549 lung cancer cells was considerably higher in combination with nanoparticles and dependent on the amount of chitosan when compared to 2OMR alone. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the uptake into A549 cells is mediated via complexes of 2OMR and chitosan/PLGA nanoparticles despite the weak binding in cell culture medium. The nanoparticles were well tolerated and efficient in inhibiting telomerase activity.