Trogocytosis and killing of IL-4-polarized monocytes by autologous NK cells.

Cross-regulations between innate immune cells have been given more and more emphasis. Here, we address the question of bidirectional interactions between activated monocytes and autologous NK cells. Classically activated monocytes (class-monocytes), obtained by priming with IFN-gamma, drive an inflammatory immune response. On the contrary, alternatively activated monocytes (alt-monocytes), obtained by stimulation with IL-4 or IL-13, engage an anti-inflammatory immune response. We show that alt-monocytes inhibit proliferation and production of IFN-gamma by autologous, IL-2-activated NK cells, whereas class-monocytes do not inhibit these NK cell functions. Reciprocally, IL-2-activated NK cells interact and undertake intensive synaptic transfer with alt-monocytes, whereas interactions with class-monocytes are weaker. This strong trogocytosis correlates with an efficient killing of alt-monocytes, mediated by natural cytotoxicity receptors and a lowered killing of class-monocytes. These results suggest that interactions between NK cells and autologous-activated monocytes modulate inflammatory responses. This might be extended further in the elimination of tumor-associated macrophages, which actively promote solid tumor progression and metastasis.