Interactive processes in matching identity and expressions of unfamiliar faces: evidence for mutual facilitation effects.

We investigated the interactions between matching identity and expressions of unfamiliar faces. In experiment 1, participants matched expressions in frontal and in oblique views, while we manipulated facial identity. In experiment 2, participants matched identity in frontal and in oblique views, while facial expressions were manipulated. Labeling of expressions was not required. Results showed mutual facilitation between matching facial identity and facial expressions, in accuracy as well as in reaction times. Thus, matching expressions was better and faster for same-identity images in oblique as well as in frontal views (experiment 1), and matching identity was better and faster for same-expression images in oblique as well as in frontal views (experiment 2). The discussion focuses on the implications of these results for the structural encoding of facial identity and facial expressions.