Acute effects of cadmium on liver phase I and phase II enzymes and metallothionein accumulation on sea bream Sparus aurata.

This research was designed to study Sparus aurata (sea bream) biotransformation and detoxification responses to acute exposure to cadmium (Cd). Sexually immature gilthead sea bream were treated by intraperitoneal injection of Cd chloride (200 microg kg(-1)) for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Cd accumulation was quantified in sea bream liver by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy after the various exposure periods. The following biological responses were measured: (1) ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity as phase I biotransformation parameter, (2) liver glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity as a phase II conjugation enzyme and metallothionein (MT) content as specific response to Cd contamination. Cd bioaccumulation in the liver resulted in an increasing uptake up to 10.3 microg g(-1) wet weight after 48 h of exposure. EROD showed a significant activation only after 6 h exposure and a return to control levels after 12 h. GST revealed significant activation starting from 12 h exposure. MT accumulation in liver showed the same behavior as GST activation.