Selecting a set of wild barley introgression lines and verification of QTL effects for resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust.

A set of 59 spring barley introgression lines (ILs) was developed from the advanced backcross population S42. The ILs were generated by three rounds of backcrossing, two to four subsequent selfings, and, in parallel, marker-assisted selection. Each line includes a single marker-defined chromosomal segment of the wild barley accession ISR42-8 (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum), whereas the remaining part of the genome is derived from the elite barley cultivar Scarlett (H. vulgare ssp. vulgare). Based on a map containing 98 SSR markers, the IL set covers so far 86.6% (1041.5 cM) of the donor genome. Each single line contains an average exotic introgression of 39.2 cM, representing 3.2% of the exotic genome. The utility of the developed IL set is illustrated by verification of QTLs controlling resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei L.) and leaf rust (Puccinia hordei L.) which were previously identified in the advanced backcross population S42. Altogether 57.1 and 75.0% of QTLs conferring resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust, respectively, were verified by ILs. The strongest favorable effects were mapped to regions 1H, 0-85 cM and 4H, 125-170 cM, where susceptibility to powdery mildew and leaf rust was decreased by 66.1 and 34.7%, respectively, compared to the recurrent parent. In addition, three and one new QTLs were localized, respectively. A co-localization of two favorable QTLs was identified for line S42IL-138, which holds an introgressed segment in region 7H, 166-181. Here, a reduction effect was revealed for powdery mildew as well as for leaf rust severity. This line might be a valuable resource for transferring new resistance alleles into elite cultivars. In future, we aim to cover the complete exotic genome by selecting additional ILs. We intend to conduct further phenotype studies with the IL set in regard to the trait complexes agronomic performance, malting quality, biotic stress, and abiotic stress.