STUDY DESIGN: To study the vasomotor responses (skin axon-reflex vasodilatation (SkARV) to stimulation of the skin in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess the completeness of the sympathetic injury and to define the sympathetic level of lesion in paraplegic and tetraplegic patients. SETTING: Centre Calve, Fondation Hopale and Centre Bouffard-Vercelli, France. SUBJECTS: A total of 81 SCI patients ranging from C2 to L2. METHOD: A mechanical stimulation was applied to the skin on both sides of the trunk, using a blunt instrument. The presence of an abnormal response below the lesion helped define the sympathetic level. RESULTS: Above the lesion, SkARV was observed in all patients. In patients with a complete sympathetic injury, the response below the lesion was either a vasoconstrictor response in upper motor neuron lesions, or total absence of SkARV in lower motor neuron lesions. There was excellent correspondence between complete somatic (American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) A) and complete sympathetic lesions (100% of paraplegic and 94% of tetraplegic patients), whereas an incomplete somatic (ASIA B-D) lesion was often associated with a complete sympathetic lesion. In 34% of complete ASIA A patients, a sympathetic zone of partial preservation was found, extending below the lesion on sensory denervated dermatomes. CONCLUSION: SkARV is a simple bedside test that allows the assessment of sympathetic completeness of injury across the lesion as well as the excitability of the isolated spinal cord. We suggest that the definition of sympathetic level should be part of the classification of complete thoracic SCI.
STUDY DESIGN: To study the vasomotor responses (skin axon-reflex vasodilatation (SkARV) to stimulation of the skin in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess the completeness of the sympathetic injury and to define the sympathetic level of lesion in paraplegic and tetraplegic patients. SETTING: Centre Calve, Fondation Hopale and Centre Bouffard-Vercelli, France. SUBJECTS: A total of 81 SCI patients ranging from C2 to L2. METHOD: A mechanical stimulation was applied to the skin on both sides of the trunk, using a blunt instrument. The presence of an abnormal response below the lesion helped define the sympathetic level. RESULTS: Above the lesion, SkARV was observed in all patients. In patients with a complete sympathetic injury, the response below the lesion was either a vasoconstrictor response in upper motor neuron lesions, or total absence of SkARV in lower motor neuron lesions. There was excellent correspondence between complete somatic (American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) A) and complete sympathetic lesions (100% of paraplegic and 94% of tetraplegic patients), whereas an incomplete somatic (ASIA B-D) lesion was often associated with a complete sympathetic lesion. In 34% of complete ASIA A patients, a sympathetic zone of partial preservation was found, extending below the lesion on sensory denervated dermatomes. CONCLUSION: SkARV is a simple bedside test that allows the assessment of sympathetic completeness of injury across the lesion as well as the excitability of the isolated spinal cord. We suggest that the definition of sympathetic level should be part of the classification of complete thoracic SCI.
Authors: Benedikt Brommer; Odilo Engel; Marcel A Kopp; Ralf Watzlawick; Susanne Müller; Harald Prüss; Yuying Chen; Michael J DeVivo; Felix W Finkenstaedt; Ulrich Dirnagl; Thomas Liebscher; Andreas Meisel; Jan M Schwab Journal: Brain Date: 2016-01-10 Impact factor: 13.501
Authors: Harald Prüss; Andrea Tedeschi; Aude Thiriot; Lydia Lynch; Scott M Loughhead; Susanne Stutte; Irina B Mazo; Marcel A Kopp; Benedikt Brommer; Christian Blex; Laura-Christin Geurtz; Thomas Liebscher; Andreas Niedeggen; Ulrich Dirnagl; Frank Bradke; Magdalena S Volz; Michael J DeVivo; Yuying Chen; Ulrich H von Andrian; Jan M Schwab Journal: Nat Neurosci Date: 2017-09-18 Impact factor: 24.884
Authors: Bonnie E Legg Ditterline; Sevda C Aslan; David C Randall; Susan J Harkema; Alexander V Ovechkin Journal: Respir Physiol Neurobiol Date: 2016-04-30 Impact factor: 1.931
Authors: Marcel A Kopp; Thomas Liebscher; Ralf Watzlawick; Peter Martus; Stefan Laufer; Christian Blex; Ralf Schindler; Gerhard J Jungehulsing; Sven Knüppel; Martin Kreutzträger; Axel Ekkernkamp; Ulrich Dirnagl; Stephen M Strittmatter; Andreas Niedeggen; Jan M Schwab Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2016-07-26 Impact factor: 2.692