Prediction of walking recovery after spinal cord injury.

The recovery of walking function is considered of extreme relevance both by patients and physicians. Consequently, in the recent years, recovery of locomotion become a major objective of new pharmacological and rehabilitative interventions. In the last decade, several pharmacological treatment and rehabilitative approaches have been initiated to enhance locomotion capacity of SCI patients. Basic science advances in regeneration of the central nervous system hold promise of further neurological and functional recovery to be studied in clinical trials. Society is making demands for treatment before adequate trials have been conducted, but the scientific community has emphasized the need for rigorous guidelines and studies. Therefore, a precise knowledge of the natural course of walking recovery after SCI and of the factors affecting the prognosis for recovery has become mandatory. In the present work we reviewed the prognostic factors for walking recovery, with particular attention paid to the clinical ones. The prognostic value of some instrumental examinations and of the more diffuse pharmacological and surgical interventions has also been reviewed.