OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of Chlamydia in secondary infertility in a prospective study. DESIGN: Forty women with secondary infertility and 30 healthy term pregnant women of similar age composition were studied for past and present Chlamydia trachomatis infection. SETTING: Women attending the outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology with complaint of secondary infertility were enrolled as patients in the study. PATIENT(S): Forty women with secondary infertility formed the study group, and 30 healthy women served as the controls. INTERVENTION(S): Chlamydia IgG was detected by ELISA; titers of 1:320 or more were considered positive. Endocervical swabs were collected for culture on cycloheximide-treated McCoy cell lines, and ELISA was used to detect Chlamydia antigen. Hysterosalpingography was performed to assess tubal patency. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): A difference was expected between the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in the infertile study subjects and fertile control group. RESULT(S): Immunoglobulin G antibodies were present in 22 (55%) women with secondary infertility, whereas positivity was seen among 2 (5.5%) controls. Tubal occlusion occurred in 16 (63.6%) cases positive for chlamydial antibody. Sensitivity of chlamydial IgG antibody as a diagnostic marker for infertility was 72.7%, and specificity was 44.4%. The majority of Chlamydia IgG antibody-positive cases, 17 (77.2%), were symptomatic. Unfavorable obstetric history was found in 16 (72.7%) cases. Active infection was found in 12 (30%) cases with one (3.3%) case of current infection occurring in the controls. CONCLUSION(S): Prevalence of past chlamydial infection is strongly statistically significant in women with secondary infertility. Current infection was also found statistically significantly in these women. Immunoglobulin G antibody detection is an effective and noninvasive tool for detection of Chlamydia and a more viable option than HSG in a developing country such as India. Screening of women with secondary infertility for C. trachomatis is strongly recommended to allow early therapeutic interventions.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of Chlamydia in secondary infertility in a prospective study. DESIGN: Forty women with secondary infertility and 30 healthy term pregnant women of similar age composition were studied for past and present Chlamydia trachomatis infection. SETTING:Women attending the outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology with complaint of secondary infertility were enrolled as patients in the study. PATIENT(S): Forty women with secondary infertility formed the study group, and 30 healthy women served as the controls. INTERVENTION(S): Chlamydia IgG was detected by ELISA; titers of 1:320 or more were considered positive. Endocervical swabs were collected for culture on cycloheximide-treated McCoy cell lines, and ELISA was used to detect Chlamydia antigen. Hysterosalpingography was performed to assess tubal patency. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): A difference was expected between the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in the infertile study subjects and fertile control group. RESULT(S): Immunoglobulin G antibodies were present in 22 (55%) women with secondary infertility, whereas positivity was seen among 2 (5.5%) controls. Tubal occlusion occurred in 16 (63.6%) cases positive for chlamydial antibody. Sensitivity of chlamydial IgG antibody as a diagnostic marker for infertility was 72.7%, and specificity was 44.4%. The majority of Chlamydia IgG antibody-positive cases, 17 (77.2%), were symptomatic. Unfavorable obstetric history was found in 16 (72.7%) cases. Active infection was found in 12 (30%) cases with one (3.3%) case of current infection occurring in the controls. CONCLUSION(S): Prevalence of past chlamydial infection is strongly statistically significant in women with secondary infertility. Current infection was also found statistically significantly in these women. Immunoglobulin G antibody detection is an effective and noninvasive tool for detection of Chlamydia and a more viable option than HSG in a developing country such as India. Screening of women with secondary infertility for C. trachomatis is strongly recommended to allow early therapeutic interventions.
Authors: Allison K Rodgers; Nicole M Budrys; Siqi Gong; Jie Wang; Alan Holden; Robert S Schenken; Guangming Zhong Journal: Fertil Steril Date: 2011-07-13 Impact factor: 7.329
Authors: Anne Z Steiner; Michael P Diamond; Richard S Legro; William D Schlaff; Kurt T Barnhart; Peter R Casson; Gregory M Christman; Ruben Alvero; Karl R Hansen; William M Geisler; Tracey Thomas; Nanette Santoro; Heping Zhang; Esther Eisenberg Journal: Fertil Steril Date: 2015-09-25 Impact factor: 7.329
Authors: Weiming Tang; Jessica Mao; Katherine T Li; Jennifer S Walker; Roger Chou; Rong Fu; Weiying Chen; Toni Darville; Jeffrey Klausner; Joseph D Tucker Journal: Sex Transm Infect Date: 2019-12-13 Impact factor: 3.519
Authors: Navjyot K Vidwan; Annie Regi; Mark Steinhoff; Jill S Huppert; Mary Allen Staat; Caitlin Dodd; Rida Nongrum; Shalini Anandan; Valsan Verghese Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-05-02 Impact factor: 3.240